Mov Disord. 2012 May 1. doi: 10.1002/mds.25020. [Epub ahead of print]
Shannon KM, Keshavarzian A, Dodiya HB, Jakate S, Kordower JH.
Abstract
Background:
Despite clinicopathological evidence that Parkinson's disease (PD) may
begin in peripheral tissues, identification of premotor Parkinson's
disease is not yet possible. Alpha-synuclein aggregation underlies
Parkinson's disease pathology, and its presence in peripheral tissues
may be a reliable disease biomarker. Objective: We sought evidence of
alpha-synuclein pathology in colonic tissues before the development of
characteristic Parkinson's disease motor symptoms. Methods: Old colon
biopsy samples were available for three subjects with PD. Biopsies were
obtained 2-5 years before PD onset. We performed immunohistochemistry
studies for the presence of alpha-synuclein and Substance P in these
samples. Results: All subjects showed immunostaining for
alpha-synuclein (two, five and two years before first motor Parkinson's
disease symptom). No similar alpha-synuclein immunostaining was seen in
23 healthy controls. Staining of samples for substance P suggested
colocalization of alpha-synuclein and substance P in perikarya and
neurites. Conclusions: This is the first demonstration of
alpha-synuclein in colon tissue prior to onset of PD. Additional study
is required to determine whether colonic mucosal biopsy may be a
biomarker of premotor PD.
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